- HDMI: Transmits both video and digital audio to TVs, monitors, or projectors; the most widely used standard for modern screens.
- VGA: Sends analog video to monitors or projectors; an older standard that does not carry audio and offers lower quality compared to HDMI or DisplayPort.
- USB-A: Traditional USB port used for peripherals such as mice, keyboards, flash drives, printers, and external hard drives.
- Ethernet (RJ-45): Connects devices to wired networks through modems, routers, or switches, providing stable internet connectivity.
- USB-C: Reversible connector used for data transfer, charging, and sometimes video output, depending on the device and port.
- Thunderbolt: High-speed port (often in USB-C format) for fast data transfer, monitors, docking stations, external storage, and even eGPUs; functionality varies by version.
- Audio (3.5 mm / P2): Standard port for headphones, microphones, or headsets; may combine input and output or keep them separate.
- Serial (RS-232 / DB9): Commonly used in industrial equipment, network device consoles, automation systems, and legacy hardware.
- Parallel (DB25): Legacy port primarily used for older printers and peripherals; largely obsolete today.
- PS/2: Traditional ports for keyboards (purple) and mice (green); occasionally found on corporate PCs.
- DisplayPort (DP): Digital video and audio interface for monitors; supports high resolutions and refresh rates, widely used on PCs.
- Mini DisplayPort: Smaller version of DisplayPort, common on older Macs and some laptops.
- Lightning: Apple connector for older iPhones and iPads, used for charging and data transfer.
- SD Card Slot: Slot for SD cards from cameras, drones, and other devices, used to import photos, videos, and files.
- eSATA: External SATA port for connecting hard drives or SSDs; more common before USB 3.x became standard.
- FireWire (IEEE 1394): Interface for cameras, video capture devices, professional audio equipment, and older external drives; largely phased out today.
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